2) Injecting different concentrations of nanostructures into excised ligaments to view the optimal concentration for improved mechanical properties. This will insure that we find a combination of these agents that causes the least cell damage, produces the most collagen and does not lead to nanostructure ingestion by the cells. We propose to investigate this therapy through the following objectives: 1) Testing prolotherapy solutions, nanostructures, and anesthesia commonly used in prolotherapy with fibroblasts. This transformative treatment would retain all of the benefits of normal prolotherapy while providing immediate mechanical reinforcement (due to nanostructuress) and long term agitation of fibroblasts by nanostructures for the production of collagen if the joint is loose at a later date (as a result of injury or EDS). In order to enhance the effectiveness and prolong the results of prolotherapy (possibly making it a permanent solution) we propose the use of prolotherapy with carbon nanostructures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon nanohorns (CNHs). Those with EDS usually need ongoing treatment. In persons with normal collagen production the repair is long term. The damaged tissue is repaired, and new collagen is laid down which gradually shrinks, forming a denser, stronger, and tighter ligament or tendon. It involves the injection of a proliferant solution into the tendon or bone-ligament junction, stimulating the body's wound healing cascade. Prolotherapy is an available, but somewhat controversial, treatment for damaged and painful ligaments and tendons. Effectively, these are continual sprains and strains, patients would greatly benefit from a permanent form of internal bracing and stabilization of the joints. People with EDS experience frequent joint dislocations and subluxations which are painful and debilitating. While there are several types of EDS, a common trait is hypermobile and unstable joints. EDS, causes the body to produce faulty and weak collagen.
There are approximately 61,000 people in the United States affected by Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), a connective tissue disorder. An estimated 200,000 Americans required reconstructive surgery of ligaments alone in 2002 with a price tag exceeding five billion dollars.
A strain is an injury to the muscle or tendon due to overuse or trauma.
and Rylander, N.Proposal Number: 1034026Sprains and strains account for 5.7 million visits to emergency rooms in the United States each year.
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